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SN 1961V, one of Zwicky's defining Type V supernovae (SN), was a peculiartransient in NGC 1058 that has variously been categorized as either a true corecollapse SN leaving a black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS) remnant, or aneruption of a luminous blue variable (LBV) star. The former case is suggestedby its association with a decaying non-thermal radio source, while the latteris suggested by its peculiar transient light curve and its low initialexpansion velocities. The crucial difference is that the star survives atransient eruption but not an SN. All stars identified as possible survivorsare significantly fainter, L_opt ~ 10^5 Lsun, than the L_opt ~ 3 10^6 Lsunprogenitor star at optical wavelengths. While this can be explained by dustabsorption in a shell of material ejected during the transient, the survivormust then be present as a L_IR ~ 3 10^6 Lsun mid-infrared source. Usingarchival Spitzer observations of the region, we show that such a luminousmid-IR source is not present. The brightest source of dust emission is onlyL_IR ~ 10^5 Lsun and does not correspond to the previously identifiedcandidates for the surviving star. The dust cannot be made sufficiently distantand cold to avoid detection unless the ejection energy, mass and velocityscales are those of a SN or greater. We conclude that SN 1961V was a peculiar,but real, supernova. Its peculiarities are probably due to enhanced mass lossjust prior to the SN, followed by the interactions of the SN blast wave withthis ejecta. This adds to the evidence that there is a population of SNprogenitors that have major mass loss episodes shortly before core collapse.The progenitor is a low metallicity, ~1/3 solar, high mass, M_ZAMS > 80 Msun,star, which means either that BH formation can be accompanied by an SN or thatsurprisingly high mass stars can form a NS.

The Supernova Impostor Impostor SN 1961V: Spitzer Shows That Zwicky Was Right (Again)