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We present weak gravitational lensing analysis of 22 high-redshift (z >~1)clusters based on Hubble Space Telescope images. Most clusters in our sampleprovide significant lensing signals and are well detected in theirreconstructed two-dimensional mass maps. Combining the current results and ourprevious weak-lensing studies of five other high-z clusters, we comparegravitational lensing masses of these clusters with other observables. Werevisit the question whether the presence of the most massive clusters in oursample is in tension with the current LambdaCDM structure formation paradigm.We find that the lensing masses are tightly correlated with the gastemperatures and establish, for the first time, the lensing mass-temperaturerelation at z >~ 1. For the power law slope of the M-TX relation (M proptoT^{\alpha}), we obtain \alpha=1.54 +/- 0.23. This is consistent with thetheoretical self-similar prediction \alpha=3/2 and with the results previouslyreported in the literature for much lower redshift samples. However, ournormalization is lower than the previous results by 20-30%, indicating that thenormalization in the M-TX relation might evolve. After correcting for Eddingtonbias and updating the discovery area with a more conservative choice, we findthat the existence of the most massive clusters in our sample still provides atension with the current Lambda CDM model. The combined probability of findingthe four most massive clusters in this sample after marginalization overcurrent cosmological parameters is less than 1%.

Scaling Relations and Overabundance of Massive Clusters at z>~1 from Weak-Lensing Studies with HST