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We present a study of the redshift evolution of the projected correlationfunction of 593 X-ray selected AGN with I_AB<23 and spectroscopic redshiftsz<4, extracted from the 0.5-2 keV X-ray mosaic of the 2.13 deg^2 XMM-COSMOSsurvey. We introduce a method to estimate the average bias of the AGN sampleand the mass of AGN hosting halos, solving the sample variance using the halomodel and taking into account the growth of the structure over time. We findevidence of a redshift evolution of the bias factor for the total population ofXMM-COSMOS AGN from b(z=0.92)=2.30 +/- 0.11 to b(z=1.94)=4.37 +/- 0.27 with anaverage mass of the hosting DM halos logM [h^-1 M_sun] ~ 13.12 +/- 0.12 thatremains constant at all z < 2. Splitting our sample into broad optical linesAGN (BL), AGN without broad optical lines (NL) and X-ray unobscured andobscured AGN, we observe an increase of the bias with redshift in the rangez=0.7-2.25 and z=0.6-1.5 which corresponds to a constant halo mass logM [h^-1M_sun] ~ 13.28 +/- 0.07 and logM [h^-1 M_sun] ~ 13.00 +/- 0.06 for BL /X-rayunobscured AGN and NL/X-ray obscured AGN, respectively. The theoretical modelswhich assume a quasar phase triggered by major mergers can not reproduce thehigh bias factors and DM halo masses found for X-ray selected BL AGN with L_BOL~ 2e45 erg s^-1. Our work extends up to z ~ 2.2 the z <= 1 statement that, formoderate luminosity X-ray selected BL AGN, the contribution from major mergersis outnumbered by other processes, possibly secular such as tidal disruptionsor disk instabilities.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

The XMM-Newton Wide field survey in the COSMOS field: redshift evolution  of AGN bias and subdominant role of mergers in triggering moderate luminosity  AGN at redshift up to 2.2