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Star formation rates in the centers of disk galaxies often vastly exceedthose at larger radii. We investigate the idea that these central starburstsare self-regulated, with the momentum flux injected to the ISM by starformation balancing the gravitational force confining the gas. For moststarbursts, supernovae are the largest contributor to the momentum flux, andturbulence provides the main pressure support for the predominantly-molecularISM. If the momentum feedback per stellar mass formed is p_*/m_* ~ 3000 km/s,the predicted star formation rate is Sigma_SFR=2 pi G Sigma^2 m_*/p_*~0.1(Sigma/100Msun/pc^2)^2 Msun/kpc^2/yr in regions where gas dominates thevertical gravity. We compare this prediction with numerical simulations ofvertically-resolved disks that model star formation including feedback, findinggood agreement for gas surface densities Sigma ~ 10^2-10^3 Msun/pc^2. We alsocompare to a compilation of star formation rates and gas contents from localand high-redshift galaxies (both mergers and normal galaxies), finding goodagreement provided that X_CO decreases weakly as Sigma and Sigma_SFR increase.Star formation rates in dense, turbulent gas are also expected to depend on thegravitational free-fall time; if the efficiency per free-fall time isepsilon_ff ~ 0.01, the turbulent velocity dispersion driven by feedback isexpected to be v_z = 0.4 epsilon_ff p_*/m_* ~ 10 km/s, relatively independentof Sigma or Sigma_SFR. Turbulence-regulated starbursts (controlled by kineticmomentum feedback) are part of the larger scheme of self-regulation;primarily-atomic low-Sigma outer disks may have star formation regulated by UVheating feedback, whereas regions at extremely high Sigma may be regulated byfeedback of radiation that is reprocessed into trapped IR.

Maximally Star-Forming Galactic Disks I. Starburst Regulation Via Feedback-Driven Turbulence