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The Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) is systematically charting the opticaltransient and variable sky. A primary science driver of PTF is building acomplete inventory of transients in the local Universe (distance less than 200Mpc). Here, we report the discovery of PTF10fqs, a transient in the luminosity"gap" between novae and supernovae. Located on a spiral arm of Messier 99, PTF10fqs has a peak luminosity of Mr = -12.3, red color (g-r = 1.0) and is slowlyevolving (decayed by 1 mag in 68 days). It has a spectrum dominated byintermediate-width H (930 km/s) and narrow calcium emission lines. Theexplosion signature (the light curve and spectra) is overall similar to thatofM85OT2006-1, SN2008S, and NGC300OT. The origin of these events is shrouded inmystery and controversy (and in some cases, in dust). PTF10fqs shows someevidence of a broad feature (around 8600A) that may suggest very largevelocities (10,000 km/s) in this explosion. Ongoing surveys can be expected tofind a few such events per year. Sensitive spectroscopy, infrared monitoringand statistics (e.g. disk versus bulge) will eventually make it possible forastronomers to unravel the nature of these mysterious explosions.

PTF10fqs: A Luminous Red Nova in the Spiral Galaxy Messier 99