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Approximately 10-20% of all Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) occupy mean-motionresonances with Neptune. This dynamical configuration likely resulted fromresonance capture as Neptune migrated outward during the late stages of planetformation. The details of Neptune's planetesimal-driven migration, includingits radial extent and the concurrent eccentricity evolution of the planet, arethe subject of considerable debate. Two qualitatively different proposals forresonance capture have been proposed--migration-induced capture driven bysmooth outward evolution of Neptune's orbit and chaotic capture driven bydamping of the planet's eccentricity near its current semi-major axis. Wedemonstrate that the distribution of comparable-mass, wide-separation binariesoccupying resonant orbits can differentiate between these two scenarios. Ifmigration-induced capture occurred, this fraction records information about theformation locations of different populations of KBOs. Chaotic capture, incontrast, randomizes the orbits of bodies as they are placed in resonance. Inparticular, migration-induced capture produces the following signatures. The2:1 resonance should contain a dynamically cold component, with inclinationsless than 5-10 degrees, having a binary fraction comparable to that among coldclassical KBOs. If the 3:2 resonance also hosts a cold component, its binaryfraction should be 20-30% lower than in the cold classical belt. Among cold 2:1(and if present 3:2) KBOs, objects with eccentricities e < 0.2 should have abinary fraction ~20% larger than those with e > 0.2. Searches for coldcomponents in the binary fractions of resonant KBOs are currently practical.The additional migration-generated trends described here may be distinguishedwith objects discovered by LSST. (Abstract abridged.)

Using Kuiper Belt Binaries to Constrain Neptune's Migration History