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A new "self-calibrated" statistical analysis method has been developed forthe reduction of nulling interferometry data. The idea is to use thestatistical distributions of the fluctuating null depth and beam intensities toretrieve the astrophysical null depth (or equivalently the object's visibility)in the presence of fast atmospheric fluctuations. The approach yields anaccuracy much better (about an order of magnitude) than is presently possiblewith standard data reduction methods, because the astrophysical null depthaccuracy is no longer limited by the magnitude of the instrumental phase andintensity errors but by uncertainties on their probability distributions. Thisapproach was tested on the sky with the two-aperture fiber nulling instrumentmounted on the Palomar Hale telescope. Using our new data analysis approachalone-and no observations of calibrators-we find that error bars on theastrophysical null depth as low as a few 10-4 can be obtained in thenear-infrared, which means that null depths lower than 10-3 can be reliablymeasured. This statistical analysis is not specific to our instrument and maybe applicable to other interferometers.

Improving Interferometric Null Depth Measurements using Statistical Distributions: Theory and First Results with the Palomar Fiber Nuller