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(Abridged) The tidal stirring model posits the formation of dSph galaxies viathe tidal interactions between rotationally-supported dwarfs and MW-sized hostgalaxies. Using a set of collisionless N-body simulations, we investigate theefficiency of the tidal stirring mechanism. We explore a wide variety of dwarforbital configurations and initial structures and demonstrate that in mostcases the disky dwarfs experience significant mass loss and their stellarcomponents undergo a dramatic morphological and dynamical transformation: fromdisks to bars and finally to pressure-supported spheroidal systems withkinematic and structural properties akin to those of the classic dSphs in theLocal Group (LG). Our results suggest that such tidal transformations should becommon occurrences within the currently favored cosmological paradigm andhighlight the key factor responsible for an effective metamorphosis to be thestrength of the tidal shocks at the pericenters of the orbit. We demonstratethat the combination of short orbital times and small pericenters,characteristic of dwarfs being accreted at high redshift, induces the strongesttransformations. Our models also indicate that the transformation efficiency isaffected significantly by the structure of the progenitor disky dwarfs. Lastly,we find that the dwarf remnants satisfy the relation Vmax = \sqrt{3} * sigma,where sigma is the 1D, central stellar velocity dispersion and Vmax is themaximum halo circular velocity, with intriguing implications for the missingsatellites problem. Overall, we conclude that the action of tidal forces fromthe hosts constitutes a crucial evolutionary mechanism for shaping the natureof dwarf galaxies in environments such as that of the LG. Environmentalprocesses of this type should thus be included as ingredients in models ofdwarf galaxy formation and evolution.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

On the Efficiency of the Tidal Stirring Mechanism for the Origin of  Dwarf Spheroidals: Dependence on the Orbital and Structural Parameters of the  Progenitor Disky Dwarfs