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We study the relationship between the metallicity of gamma-ray burst (GRB)progenitors and the probability distribution function (PDF) of GRB hostgalaxies as a function of luminosity using cosmological hydrodynamicsimulations of galaxy formation. We impose a maximum limit to the gasmetallicity in which GRBs can occur, and examine how the predicted luminosityPDF of GRB host galaxies changes in the simulation. We perform theKolmogorov-Smirnov test, and show that the result from our simulation agreeswith the observed luminosity PDF of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) hostgalaxies when we assume that the core-collapse SNe trace star formation. Whenwe assume that GRBs occur only in a low-metallicity environment with $Z\lesssim0.1 \Zsun$, GRBs occur in lower luminosity galaxies, and the simulatedluminosity PDF becomes quantitatively consistent with the observed luminosityPDF. The observational bias against the host galaxies of optically dark GRBsowing to dust extinction may be another reason for the lower luminosities ofGRB host galaxies, but the observed luminosity PDF of GRB host galaxies cannotbe reproduced solely by the dust bias in our simulation.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Luminosity Distribution of Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies at redshift z=1  in Cosmological Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic Simulations: Implications for  the Metallicity Dependence of GRBs