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Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) remain mysterious despite their central importancein cosmology and their rapidly increasing discovery rate. The progenitors ofSNIa can be probed by the delay time between progenitor birth and explosion asSNIa. The explosions and progenitors of SNIa can be probed by MeV nuclear gammarays emitted in the decays of radioactive nickel and cobalt into iron. Wecompare the cosmic star formation and SNIa rates, finding that their differentredshift evolution requires a large fraction of SNIa to have large delay times.A delay time distribution of the form t^{-1.0 +/- 0.3} provides a good fit,implying 50% of SNIa explode more than ~ 1 Gyr after progenitor birth. Theextrapolation of the cosmic SNIa rate to z = 0 agrees with the rate we deducefrom catalogs of local SNIa. We investigate prospects for gamma-ray telescopesto exploit the facts that escaping gamma rays directly reveal the power sourceof SNIa and uniquely provide tomography of the expanding ejecta. We find largeimprovements relative to earlier studies by Gehrels et al. in 1987 and Timmes &Woosley in 1997 due to larger and more certain SNIa rates and advances ingamma-ray detectors. The proposed Advanced Compton Telescope, with anarrow-line sensitivity ~ 60 times better than that of current satellites,would, on an annual basis, detect up to ~ 100 SNIa (3 sigma) and providerevolutionary model discrimination for SNIa within 20 Mpc, with gamma-ray lightcurves measured with ~ 10 sigma significance daily for ~ 100 days. Even moremodest improvements in detector sensitivity would open a new and invaluableastronomy with frequent SNIa gamma-ray detections.

Revealing Type Ia supernova physics with cosmic rates and nuclear gamma rays