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Starting as highly relativistic collimated jets, gamma-ray burst outflowsgradually decelerate and become non-relativistic spherical blast waves.Although detailed analytical solutions describing the afterglow emissionreceived by an on-axis observer during both the early and late phases of theoutflow evolution exist, a calculation of the received flux during theintermediate phase and for an off-axis observer requires either a moresimplified analytical model or direct numerical simulations of the outflowdynamics. In this paper we present light curves for off-axis observers coveringthe long-term evolution of the blast wave calculated from a high resolutiontwo-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamics simulation using a synchrotronradiation model. We compare our results to earlier analytical work andcalculate the consequence of the observer angle with respect to the jet axisboth for the detection of orphan afterglows and for jet break fits to theobservational data. We find that observable jet breaks can be delayed for up toseveral weeks for off-axis observers, potentially leading to overestimation ofthe beaming corrected total energy. When using our off-axis light curves tocreate synthetic Swift X-ray data, we find that jet breaks are likely to remainhidden in the data. We also confirm earlier results in the literature findingthat only a very small number of local Type Ibc supernovae can harbor an orphanafterglow.

Off-Axis Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Modeling Based On A Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Hydrodynamics Simulation