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We report the results of an 87 square-degree point-source survey centered atR.A. 5h30m, decl. -55 deg. taken with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) at 1.4 and2.0 mm wavelengths with arc-minute resolution and milli-Jansky depth. Based onthe ratio of flux in the two bands, we separate the detected sources into twopopulations, one consistent with synchrotron emission from active galacticnuclei (AGN) and one consistent with thermal emission from dust. We presentsource counts for each population from 11 to 640 mJy at 1.4 mm and from 4.4 to800 mJy at 2.0 mm. The 2.0 mm counts are dominated by synchrotron-dominatedsources across our reported flux range; the 1.4 mm counts are dominated bysynchroton-dominated sources above ~15 mJy and by dust-dominated sources belowthat flux level. We detect 141 synchrotron-dominated sources and 47dust-dominated sources at S/N > 4.5 in at least one band. All of the mostsignificantly detected members of the synchrotron-dominated population areassociated with sources in previously published radio catalogs. Some of thedust-dominated sources are associated with nearby (z << 1) galaxies whose dustemission is also detected by the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS). However,most of the bright, dust-dominated sources have no counterparts in any existingcatalogs. We argue that these sources represent the rarest and brightestmembers of the population commonly referred to as sub-millimeter galaxies(SMGs). Because these sources are selected at longer wavelengths than intypical SMG surveys, they are expected to have a higher mean redshiftdistribution and may provide a new window on galaxy formation in the earlyuniverse.

Extragalactic millimeter-wave sources in South Pole Telescope survey data: source counts, catalog, and statistics for an 87 square-degree field