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We report the final optical identifications of the medium-depth (~60 ksec),contiguous (2 deg^2) XMM-Newton survey of the COSMOS field. XMM-Newton hasdetected ~800 X-ray sources down to limiting fluxes of ~5x10^{-16},~3x10^{-15}, and ~7x10^{-15} erg/cm2/s in the 0.5-2 keV, 2-10 keV and 5-10 keVbands, respectively. The work is complemented by an extensive collection ofmulti-wavelength data from 24 micron to UV, available from the COSMOS survey,for each of the X-ray sources, including spectroscopic redshifts for ~50% ofthe sample, and high-quality photometric redshifts for the rest. The XMM andmultiwavelength flux limits are well matched: 1760 (98%) of the X-ray sourceshave optical counterparts, 1711 (~95%) have IRAC counterparts, and 1394 (~78%)have MIPS 24micron detections. Thanks to the redshift completeness (almost100%) we were able to constrain the high-luminosity tail of the X-rayluminosity function confirming that the peak of the number density oflogL_X>44.5 AGN is at z~2. Spectroscopically-identified obscured and unobscuredAGN, as well as normal and starforming galaxies, present well-defined opticaland infrared properties. We devised a robust method to identify a sample of~150 high redshift (z>1), obscured AGN candidates for which opticalspectroscopy is not available. We were able to determine that the fraction ofthe obscured AGN population at the highest (L_X>10^{44} erg s^{-1}) X-rayluminosity is ~15-30% when selection effects are taken into account, providingan important observational constraint for X-ray background synthesis. Westudied in detail the optical spectrum and the overall spectral energydistribution of a prototypical Type 2 QSO, caught in a stage transitioning frombeing starburst dominated to AGN dominated, which was possible to isolate onlythanks to the combination of X-ray and infrared observations.

The XMM-Newton Wide-Field Survey in the COSMOS field (XMM-COSMOS): demography and multiwavelength properties of obscured and unobscured luminous AGN