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The baryon content of high-density regions in the universe is relevant to twocritical unanswered questions: the workings of nurture effects on galaxies andthe whereabouts of the missing baryons. In this paper, we analyze thedistribution of dark matter and semianalytical galaxies in the MillenniumSimulation to investigate these problems. Applying the same density fieldreconstruction schemes as used for the overall matter distribution to thematter locked in halos we study the mass contribution of halos to the totalmass budget at various background field densities, i.e., the conditional halomass function. In this context, we present a simple fitting formula for thecumulative mass function accurate to ~ 5% for halo masses between 10^{10} and10^{15}Msol/h. We find that in dense environments the halo mass functionbecomes top heavy and present corresponding fitting formulae for differentredshifts. We demonstrate that the major fraction of matter in high-densityfields is associated with galaxy groups. Since current X-ray surveys are ableto nearly recover the universal baryon fraction within groups, our resultsindicate that the major part of the so-far undetected warm-hot intergalacticmedium resides in low-density regions at low temperatures. Similarly, we showthat the differences in galaxy mass functions with environment seen in observedand simulated data stem predominantly from differences in the mass distributionof halos. In particular, the hump in the galaxy mass function is associatedwith the central group galaxies, and the bimodality observed in the galaxy massfunction is therefore interpreted as that of central galaxies versussatellites.

The halo mass function conditioned on density from the Millennium Simulation: insights into missing baryons and galaxy mass functions