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We show that the exoplanet HAT-P-7b has an extremely tilted orbit, with atrue angle of at least 86 degrees with respect to its parent star's equatorialplane, and a strong possibility of retrograde motion. We also report evidencefor an additional planet or companion star. The evidence for the unparalleledorbit and the third body is based on precise observations of the star'sapparent radial velocity. The anomalous radial velocity due to rotation (theRossiter-McLaughlin effect) was found to be a blueshift during the first halfof the transit and a redshift during the second half, an inversion of the usualpattern, implying that the angle between the sky-projected orbital and stellarangular momentum vectors is 182.5 +/- 9.4 degreees. The third body isimplicated by excess radial-velocity variation of the host star over 2 yr. Somepossible explanations for the tilted orbit are a close encounter with anotherplanet, the Kozai effect, and resonant capture by an inward-migrating outerplanet.

HAT-P-7: A Retrograde or Polar Orbit, and a Third Body