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We report a highly significant Submillimeter Array (SMA) detection of theprototypical submillimeter source HDF 850.1, which is the brightestsubmillimeter source in the Hubble Deep Field-North proper. The detectionyields an extremely precise position of RA(2000)=12:36:51.99 andDec(2000)=+62:12:25.83 with a 1-sigma positional uncertainty of 0.17 arcsec.The position is consistent with the location of a millimeter wavelengthinterferometric detection and with the locations of weak VLA detections at 1.4and 8.4 GHz, but it is not consistent with any previous optical/near-infraredidentifications. The source appears pointlike at the 2 arcsec resolution of theSMA, and the detected flux of 7.8+/-1.0 mJy is consistent with the measuredSCUBA fluxes. We tabulate fluxes and limits on HDF 850.1 at other wavelengths.Our redshift estimate for HDF 850.1 based on the radio through mid-infraredmeasurements is z=4.1. The faintness of the source at optical/near-infraredwavelengths and the high estimated redshift suggest that HDF 850.1 may be ananalog of the brighter submillimeter source GOODS 850-5, which is also thoughtto be at z>4. The fact that a source like HDF 850.1 should have appeared in oneof the very first blank-field SCUBA observations ever made suggests that suchhigh-redshift sources are quite common. Thus, we are led to conclude thathigh-redshift star formation is dominated by giant dusty star-forming galaxies,just as it is at lower redshifts.

An Accurate Position for HDF 850.1: The Brightest Submillimeter Source in the Hubble Deep Field-North