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We measure the net energy efficiency of supernova and stellar wind feedbackin the starburst galaxy M82 and the degree of mass-loading of the hot gaspiston driving its superwind by comparing a large suite of 1 and 2-dimensionalhydrodynamical models to a set of observational constraints derived from hardX-ray observations of the starburst region (the fluxes of the He-alpha andLy-alpha-like lines of S, Ar, Ca and Fe, along with the total diffuse E=2--8keV X-ray luminosity). These are the first direct measurements of the feedbackefficiency and mass-loading of supernova heated and enriched plasma in astarburst galaxy. All the models that satisfy the existing observationalconstraints have medium to high thermalization efficiencies (30% <= epsilon <=100$%) and the volume-filling wind fluid that flows out of the starburst regionis only mildly centrally mass loaded (1.0 <= beta <= 2.8). These results implya temperature of the plasma within the starburst region in the range 30--80million Kelvin, a mass flow rate of the wind fluid out of the starburst regionof Mdot_tot ~ 1.4--3.6 Msol/yr and a terminal velocity of the wind in the rangev_infinity = 1410--2240 km/s. This velocity is considerably larger than theescape velocity from M82 (v_esc <~ 460 km/s) and the velocity of the H-alphaemitting clumps and filaments within M82's wind (v_H-alpha ~ 600 km/s). Drawingon these results we provide a prescription for implementing starburst-drivensuperwinds in cosmological models of galaxy formation and evolution. (Abridged)

Supernova feedback efficiency and mass loading in the starburst and galactic superwind exemplar M82