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Impulsive solar energetic electrons are often observed in the interplanetaryspace near the Earth and have an attractive diagnostic potential for poorlyunderstood solar flare acceleration processes. We investigate the transport ofsolar flare energetic electrons in the heliospheric plasma to understand therole of transport to the observed onset and spectral properties of theimpulsive solar electron events. The propagation of energetic electrons insolar wind plasma is simulated from the acceleration region at the Sun to theEarth, taking into account self-consistent generation and absorption ofelectrostatic electron plasma (Langmuir) waves, effects of non-uniform plasma,collisions and Landau damping. The simulations suggest that the beam-drivenplasma turbulence and the effects of solar wind density inhomogeneity play acrucial role and lead to the appearance of a) spectral break for a singlepower-law injected electron spectrum, with the spectrum flatter below thebreak, b) apparent early onset of low-energy electron injection, c) theapparent late maximum of low-energy electron injection. We show that theobserved onsets, spectral flattening at low energies, and formation of a breakenergy at tens of keV is the direct manifestation of wave-particle interactionsin non-uniform plasma of a single accelerated electron population with aninitial power-law spectrum.

Onsets and spectra of impulsive solar energetic electron events observed near the Earth