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A full particle simulation study is carried out on the electron accelerationat a collisionless, relatively low Alfven Mach number (M_A=5), perpendicularshock. Recent self-consistent hybrid shock simulations have demonstrated thatthe shock front of perpendicular shocks has a dynamic rippled character alongthe shock surface of low-Mach-number perpendicular shocks. In this paper, theeffect of the rippling of perpendicular shocks on the electron acceleration isexamined by means of large-scale (ion-scale) two-dimensional full particlesimulations. It has been shown that a large-amplitude electric field is excitedat the shock front in association with the ion-scale rippling, and thatreflected ions are accelerated upstream at a localized region where theshock-normal electric field of the rippled structure is polarized upstream. Thecurrent-driven instability caused by the highly-accelerated reflected ions hasa high growth rate to large-amplitude electrostatic waves. Energetic electronsare then generated by the large-amplitude electrostatic waves via electronsurfing acceleration at the leading edge of the shock transition region. Thepresent result suggests that the electron surfing acceleration is also a commonfeature at low-Mach-number perpendicular collisionless shocks.

Electron acceleration at a low-Mach-number perpendicular collisionless shock