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We present the serendipitous discovery of z=4.05 molecular gas CO emissionlines with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer coincident with GN20 andGN20.2, two luminous submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the Great ObservatoriesOrigins Deep Survey North field (GOODS-N). These are among the most distantsubmillimeter-selected galaxies reliably identified through CO emission andalso some of the most luminous known. In terms of CO to bolometricluminosities, stellar mass and star formation rates (SFRs), these newlydiscovered z>4 SMGs are similar to z~1.5-3 SMGs studied to date. These z~4 SMGshave much higher specific SFRs than typical B-band dropout Lyman break galaxiesat the same redshift. The stellar mass-SFR correlation for normal galaxies doesnot seem to evolve much further, between z~2 and z~4. A significant z=4.05spectroscopic redshift spike is observed in GOODS-N, and a strong spatialoverdensity of B-band dropouts and IRAC selected z>3.5 galaxies appears to becentered on the GN20 and GN20.2 galaxies. This suggests a proto-clusterstructure with total mass ~10^14 Msun. Using photometry at mid-IR, submm andradio wavelengths, we show that reliable photometric redshifts (Dz/(1+z)~0.1)can be derived for SMGs over 1<z<4. This new photometric redshift technique hasbeen used to provide a first estimate of the space density of 3.5<z<6hyper-luminous starburst galaxies, and to show that they contributesubstantially to the SFR density at early epochs. Many of these high-redshiftstarbursts will be within reach of Herschel. We find that the radio to mid-IRflux density ratio can be used to select z>3.5 starbursts, regardless of theirsubmm/mm emission [abridged].

Two bright submillimeter galaxies in a z=4.05 proto-cluster in GOODS-North, and accurate radio-infrared photometric redshifts