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We report the first mid-IR detection of highly disturbed ionized gas in theultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS F00183-7111. The gas, traced by the 12.81um[NeII] and 15.56um [NeIII] lines, spans a velocity range of-3500 to 3000 km/swith respect to systemic velocity. Optical and near-IR spectroscopic studiesshow no evidence for similarly high velocity gas components in forbidden linesat shorter wavelengths. We interpret this as the result of strong extinction(Av=10-50) on the high-velocity gas, which identifies the base of the outflowtraced in 5007A [OIII] as a plausible origin. Unusual excitation conditions areimplied by a comparison of the mid-infrared low-excitation neon line emissionand the PAH emission for a sample of 56 ULIRGs. For IRAS F00183, the neon/PAHratio is 8 times higher than the average ratio. Similar mid-infrared kinematicand excitation characteristics are found for only 2 other ULIRGs in our sample:IRAS 12127-1412NE and IRAS 13451+1232. Both sources have an elevated neon/PAHratio and exhibit pronounced blue wings in their 15.56um [NeIII] line profiles.IRAS 13451 even shows a strongly blue shifted and broad 14.32um [NeV] line.While for IRAS 13451 the observed [NeIII]/[NeII] and [NeV]/[NeII] line ratiosindicate exposure of the blue shifted gas to direct radiation from the AGN, forIRAS F00183 and 12127 the neon line ratios are consistent with an origin infast shocks in a high-density environment, and with an evolutionary scenario inwhich strongly blue shifted [Ne II] and [Ne III] emission trace the (partial)disruption of the obscuring medium around a buried AGN. The detection ofstrongly blue shifted [Ne V] emission in IRAS 13451 would then indicate thisprocess to be much further advanced in this ULIRG than in IRAS F00183 and12127, where this line is undetected.

High-velocity neon line emission from the ULIRG IRAS F00183-7111: revealing the optically obscured base of a nuclear outflow