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We use extensive new observations of the very rich z ~ 0.4 cluster ofgalaxies A851 to examine the nature and origin of starburst galaxies inintermediate-redshift clusters. New HST observations, Spitzer photometry andground-based spectroscopy cover most of a region of the cluster about 10 arcminacross, corresponding to a clustercentric radial distance of about 1.6 Mpc.This spatial coverage allows us to confirm the existence of amorphology-density relation within this cluster, and to identify several large,presumably infalling, subsystems. We confirm our previous conclusion that avery large fraction of the starforming galaxies in A851 have recently undergonestarbursts. We argue that starbursts are mostly confined to two kinds of sites:infalling groups and the cluster center. At the cluster center it appears thatinfalling galaxies are undergoing major mergers, resulting in starbursts whoseoptical emission lines are completely buried beneath dust. The aftermath ofthis process appears to be proto-S0 galaxies devoid of star formation. Incontrast, major mergers do not appear to be the cause of most of the starburstsin infalling groups, and fewer of these events result in the transformation ofthe galaxy into an S0. Some recent theoretical work provides possibleexplanations for these two distinct processes, but it is not clear whether theycan operate with the very high efficiency needed to account for the very largestarburst rate observed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

ABELL 851 AND THE ROLE OF STARBURSTS IN CLUSTER GALAXY EVOLUTION