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We present results from a new ultra-deep 400 ks Chandra observation of theSSA22 protocluster at z = 3.09. We have studied the X-ray properties of 234 z ~3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs; protocluster and field) and 158 z = 3.09 Ly-alphaemitters (LAEs) in SSA22 to measure the influence of the high-densityprotocluster environment on the accretion activity of supermassive black holes(SMBHs) in these UV-selected star forming populations. We detect individuallyX-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in six LBGs and five LAEs;due to small overlap between the LBG and LAE source population, ten of thesesources are unique. At least six and potentially eight of these sources aremembers of the protocluster. These sources have rest-frame 8-32 keVluminosities in the range of L_8-32 keV = (3-50) X 10^{43} ergs/s and anaverage observed-frame 2-8 keV to 0.5-2 keV band-ratio of ~0.8 (mean effectivephoton index of Gamma_eff = 1.1), suggesting significant absorption columns ofN_H > 10^{22}-10^{24} cm^{-2}. We find that the fraction of LBGs and LAEs inthe z = 3.09 protocluster harboring an AGN with L_8-32 keV > 3 X 10^{43} ergs/sis 9.5^{+12.7}_{-6.1}% and 5.1^{+6.8}_{-3.3}%, respectively. These AGNfractions are somewhat larger (by a mean factor of 6.1^{+10.3}_{-3.6};significant at the 95% confidence level) than z ~ 3 sources found inlower-density "field" environments. Theoretical models imply that these resultsmay be due to the presence of more actively growing and/or massive SMBHs inLBGs and LAEs within the protocluster compared to the field. Such a result isexpected in a scenario where enhanced merger activity in the protoclusterdrives accelerated galaxy and SMBH growth at z > 2-3. (abridged)

The Chandra Deep Protocluster Survey: Evidence for an Enhancement in the AGN Activity in the SSA22 Protocluster at z = 3.09