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We present Stellar Locus Regression (SLR), a method of directly adjusting theinstrumental broadband optical colors of stars to bring them into accord with auniversal stellar color-color locus, producing accurately calibrated colors forboth stars and galaxies. This is achieved without first establishing individualzeropoints for each passband, and can be performed in real-time at thetelescope. We demonstrate how SLR naturally makes one wholesale correction fordifferences in instrumental response, for atmospheric transparency, foratmospheric extinction, and for Galactic extinction. We perform an example SLRtreatment of SDSS data over a wide range of Galactic dust values andindependently recover the direction and magnitude of the canonical Galacticreddening vector with 14--18 mmag RMS uncertainties. We then isolate the effectof atmospheric extinction, showing that SLR accounts for this and returnsprecise colors over a wide of airmass, with 5--14 mmag RMS residuals. Wedemonstrate that SLR-corrected colors are sufficiently accurate to allowphotometric redshift estimates for galaxy clusters (using red sequencegalaxies) with an uncertainty sigma_z/(1+z) = 0.6% per cluster for redshifts0.09<z<0.25. Finally, we identify our objects in the 2MASS all-sky catalog, andproduce i-band zeropoints typically accurate to 18 mmag using only SLR. Weoffer open-source access to our IDL routines, validated and verified for theimplementation of this technique, athttp://stellar-locus-regression.googlecode.com

Stellar Locus Regression: Accurate Color Calibration, and the Real-time Determination of Galaxy Cluster Photometric Redshifts