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The main-belt comets occupy dynamically asteroidal orbits in the mainasteroid belt. Here we present physical observations of the second-known memberof this population, P/2005 U1 (Read), which showed vigorous cometary activityfrom 2005 October 24 to 2005 December 27. Monte Carlo numerical simulations ofP/Read's dust emission indicate that the coma and tail are optically dominatedby dust particles larger than 10 microns in size with terminal ejectionvelocities of 0.2 to 3 m/s. We estimate P/Read's mass loss rate during thisperiod to be approximately 0.2 kg/s, roughly an order of magnitude larger thanthat calculated for 133P/Elst-Pizarro. We also find that emission likely beganat least two months prior to P/Read's discovery, though we note this is a lowerlimit and that earlier start times are possible. Optical colors measured forP/Read while it was active are approximately solar (B-V=0.63+/-0.05,V-R=0.37+/-0.04, R-I=0.39+/-0.04) but are likely to be dominated by comaparticles. Observations of P/Read in 2007 when it appears largely inactive showan extremely small nucleus with an absolute magnitude of H_R~20.1+/-0.4,corresponding to an effective radius of r~0.3 km. P/Read's activity isconsistent with sublimation-driven dust emission and inconsistent with dustemission due to an impact, though the unusual strength of the 2005 outburstsuggests the possibility that it could have been due to the sublimation of afreshly-exposed reservoir of volatile material.

Physical Properties of Main-Belt Comet P/2005 U1 (Read)