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The “historic turn” marked a new era of convergence between anthropology and history. However, recent research proposes that this anthrohistorical field is informed by a latent cultural historicism. When studying historical consciousness and deploying history in analysis, theorists argue, we must clarify how historicism—the ideology and practices underpinning Western historical understanding—informs anthropological theory, or risk ethnocentrism. Historicist regimes of truth also demand anthropological study, given their pervasive influence in the social sciences and wider society. This article develops a comparative anthropology of historicism, drawing on historical anthropology and ethnographic fieldwork. First, I analyze the history practices of a network of leftist historians, the Forum-Histoire, based at l’Université de Paris VII, and their role in an influential protest movement against the state; second, I assess the work of a socialist public historian in his efforts to refashion historical consciousness in Mediterranean France. The article analyzes the role of historicism in French history practices and its conflict and synthesis with nonhistoricist ways of knowing the past during an influential period (1975–2005) for relations between history and anthropology. In a genealogical vein, this facilitates analysis of anthropology’s relationship to historicism and indicates how to better deploy historicist analysis within anthropological discourse.

History’s Impasse: Radical Historiography, Leftist Elites, and the Anthropology of Historicism in Southern France