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We describe the Dragonfly Telephoto Array, a robotic imaging system optimizedfor the detection of extended ultra low surface brightness structures. Thearray consists of eight Canon 400mm f/2.8 telephoto lenses coupled to eightscience-grade commercial CCD cameras. The lenses are mounted on a commonframework and are co-aligned to image simultaneously the same position on thesky. The system provides an imaging capability equivalent to a 0.4m aperturef/1.0 refractor with a 2.6 deg X 1.9 deg field of view. The system has noobstructions in the light path, optimized baffling, and internal opticalsurfaces coated with a new generation of anti-reflection coatings based onsub-wavelength nanostructures. As a result, the array's point spread functionhas a factor of ~10 less scattered light at large radii than well-baffledreflecting telescopes. The Dragonfly Telephoto Array is capable of imagingextended structures to surface brightness levels below 30 mag/arcsec^2 in 10hintegrations (without binning or foreground star removal). This is considerablydeeper than the surface brightness limit of any existing wide-field telescope.At present no systematic errors limiting the usefulness of much longerintegration times has been identified. With longer integrations (50-100h),foreground star removal and modest binning the Dragonfly Telephoto Array iscapable of probing structures with surface brightnesses below 32 mag/arcsec^2.Detection of structures at these surface brightness levels may hold the key tosolving the "missing substructure" and "missing satellite" problems ofconventional hierarchical galaxy formation models. The Dragonfly TelephotoArray is therefore executing a fully-automated multi-year imaging survey of acomplete sample of nearby galaxies in order to undertake the first census ofultra-faint substructures in the nearby Universe.

Ultra Low Surface Brightness Imaging with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array