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Currently, 24 active antiretroviral agents are available for use in the United States. These agents target and interrupt an array of HIV functions, including reverse transcription, proteolysis, envelope fusion, and integration [1]. When used in a variety of combinations, these agents have greatly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with natural HIV infection in the United States [2]. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Geretti et al. [3] demonstrate in an observational study that modern combination antiretroviral therapy works, even when the infecting virus is non–subtype B HIV-1. Specifically, this study examined the rates of viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy during infection with subtypes A, C, and D and with the circulating recombinant form (CRF) 02_AG. This is important, because modern antiretroviral therapy was developed on the basis of investigations of subtype B HIV-1 infection, even though this subtype accounts for only 12% of worldwide infections and is almost nonexistent in many regions [4].

Are All Subtypes Created Equal? The Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Therapy against Non–Subtype B HIV‐1