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We consider the consequences of gravitational wave recoil for unified modelsof active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Spatial oscillations of supermassive blackholes (SMBHs) around the cores of galaxies following gravitational wave (GW)recoil imply that the SMBHs spend a significant fraction of time off-nucleus,at scales beyond that of the molecular obscuring torus. Assuming reasonabledistributions of recoil velocities, we compute the off-core timescale of(intrinsically type-2) quasars. We find that roughly one-half of major mergersresult in a SMBH being displaced beyond the torus for a time of 30 Myr or more,comparable to quasar activity timescales. Since major mergers are most stronglyaffected by GW recoil, our results imply a deficiency of type 2 quasars incomparison to Seyfert 2 galaxies. Other consequences of the recoil oscillationsfor the observable properties of AGNs are also discussed.

Gravitational Wave Recoil Oscillations of Black Holes: Implications for Unified Models of Active Galactic Nuclei