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We present a census of the population of deeply embedded young stellarobjects (YSOs) in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex based on a combinationof Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared data from the "Cores to Disks" (c2d)legacy team and JCMT/SCUBA submillimeter maps from the COMPLETE team. We haveapplied a method developed for identifying embedded protostars in Perseus tothese datasets and in this way construct a relatively unbiased sample of 27candidate embedded protostars with envelopes more massive than our sensitivitylimit (about 0.1 M_sun). Embedded YSOs are found in 35% of the SCUBA cores -less than in Perseus (58%). On the other hand the mid-infrared sources inOphiuchus have less red mid-infrared colors, possibly indicating that they areless embedded. We apply a nearest neighbor surface density algorithm to definethe substructure in each of the clouds and calculate characteristic numbers foreach subregion - including masses, star formation efficiencies, fraction ofembedded sources etc. Generally the main clusters in Ophiuchus and Perseus(L1688, NGC1333 and IC348) are found to have higher star formation efficienciesthan small groups such as B1, L1455 and L1448, which on the other hand arecompletely dominated by deeply embedded protostars. We discuss possibleexplanations for the differences between the regions in Perseus and Ophiuchus,such as different evolutionary timescales for the YSOs or differences, e.g., inthe accretion in the two clouds.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Current Star Formation in the Ophiuchus and Perseus Molecular Clouds:  Constraints and Comparisons from Unbiased Submillimeter and Mid-Infrared  Surveys. II