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Most of the presently identified exoplanets have masses similar to that ofJupiter and therefore are assumed to be gaseous objects. With theever-increasing interest in discovering lower-mass planets, several of theso-called super-Earths (1 M_earth<M<10 M_earth), which are predicted to berocky, have already been found. Here we report the possible discovery of aplanet around the M-type star GJ 436 with a minimum mass of 4.7+/-0.6 M_earthand a true mass of ~5 M_earth, which would make it the least massive planetaround a main-sequence star found to date. The planet is identified from itsperturbations on an inner Neptune-mass transiting planet (GJ 436b), by pumpingeccentricity and producing variations in the orbital inclination. Analysis ofpublished radial velocity measurements indeed reveals a significant signalcorresponding to an orbital period that is very close to the 2:1 mean motionresonance with the inner planet. The near-grazing nature of the transit makesit extremely sensitive to small changes in the inclination.

A ~5 M_earth Super-Earth Orbiting GJ 436?: The Power of Near-Grazing Transits