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We study the nature of faint, red-selected galaxies at z ~ 2-3 using theHubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) and Spitzer IRAC photometry. We detect candidategalaxies to H < 26 mag, probing lower-luminosity (lower mass) galaxies at theseredshifts. We identify 32 galaxies satisfying the (J - H) > 1.0 mag colorselection, 16 of which have unblended [3.6um] and [4.5um] IRAC photometry. Wederive photometric redshifts, masses, and stellar population parameters forthese objects. We find that the selected objects span a diverse range ofproperties over a large range of redshifts, 1 < z < 3.5. A substantial fraction(11/32) appear to be lower-redshift (z < 2.5), heavily obscured dusty galaxiesor edge-on spiral galaxies, while others (12/32) appear to be galaxies at 2 < z< 3.5 whose light at rest-frame optical wavelengths is dominated by evolvedstellar populations. Interestingly, by including Spitzer data many candidatesfor galaxies dominated by evolved stellar populations are rejected, and foronly a subset of the sample (6/16) do the data favor this interpretation. Weplace an upper limit on the space and stellar mass density of candidate massiveevolved galaxies. The z > 2.5 objects that are dominated by evolved stellarpopulations have a space density at most one-third that of z ~ 0 red,early-type galaxies. Therefore, at least two-thirds of present-day early-typegalaxies assemble or evolve into their current configuration at redshifts below2.5. We find a dearth of candidates for low-mass galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3 thatare dominated by passively evolving stellar populations even though the datashould be sensitive to them; thus, at these redshifts, galaxies whose light isdominated by evolved stellar populations are restricted to only those galaxiesthat have assembled high stellar mass.[Abridged]

On the Stellar Populations in Faint Red Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field