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We study dust accumulation by photophoresis in optically thin gas disks.Using formulae of the photophoretic force that are applicable for the freemolecular regime and for the slip-flow regime, we calculate dust accumulationdistances as a function of the particle size. It is found that photophoresispushes particles (smaller than 10 cm) outward. For a Sun-like star, theseparticles are transported to 0.1-100 AU, depending on the particle size, andforms an inner disk. Radiation pressure pushes out small particles (< 1 mm)further and forms an extended outer disk. Consequently, an inner hole opensinside ~0.1 AU. The radius of the inner hole is determined by the conditionthat the mean free path of the gas molecules equals the maximum size of theparticles that photophoresis effectively works on (100 micron - 10 cm,depending on the dust property). The dust disk structure formed byphotophoresis can be distinguished from the structure of gas-free dust diskmodels, because the particle sizes of the outer disks are larger, and the innerhole radius depends on the gas density.

Photophoretic Structuring of Circumstellar Dust Disks