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We combine high-resolution images in four optical/infra-red bands, obtainedwith the laser guide star adaptive optics system on the Keck Telescope and withthe Hubble Space Telescope, to study the gravitational lens systemSDSSJ0737+3216 (lens redshift 0.3223, source redshift 0.5812). We show that(under favorable observing conditions) ground-based images are comparable tothose obtained with HST in terms of precision in the determination of theparameters of both the lens mass distribution and the background source. Wealso quantify the systematic errors associated with both the incompleteknowledge of the PSF, and the uncertain process of lens galaxy light removal,and find that similar accuracy can be achieved with Keck LGSAO as with HST. Wethen exploit this well-calibrated combination of optical and gravitationaltelescopes to perform a multi-wavelength study of the source galaxy at 0.01"effective resolution. We find the Sersic index to be indicative of a disk-likeobject, but the measured half-light radius (0.59+-0.007+-0.1 kpc) and stellarmass (2.0+-1.0+-0.8e9Msun) place it more than three sigma away from the localdisk size-mass relation. The SDSSJ0737+3216 source has the characteristics ofthe most compact faint blue galaxies studied, and has comparable size and massto dwarf early-type galaxies in the local universe. With the aid ofgravitational telescopes to measure individual objects' brightness profiles to10% accuracy, the study of the high-redshift size-mass relation may be extendedby an order of magnitude or more beyond existing surveys at the low-mass end,thus providing a new observational test of galaxy formation models.

Super-resolving distant galaxies with gravitational telescopes: Keck-LGSAO and Hubble imaging of the lens system SDSSJ0737+3216