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In the framework of the internal shock scenario, we model the broadbandprompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with emphasis on the GeV-TeV bands,utilizing Monte Carlo simulations that include various processes associatedwith electrons and protons accelerated to high energies. While inverse Comptonemission from primary electrons is often dominant, different proton-inducedmechanisms can also give rise to distinct high-energy components, such assynchrotron emission from protons, muons or secondary electrons/positronsinjected via photomeson interactions. In some cases, they give rise to doublespectral breaks that can serve as unique signatures of ultra-high-energyprotons. We discuss the conditions favorable for such emission, and how theyare related to the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos ininternal shocks. Ongoing and upcoming observations by {\it GLAST}, atmosphericCerenkov telescopes and other facilities will test these expectations andprovide important information on the physical conditions in GRB outflows.

Prompt GeV-TeV Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts Due to High-Energy Protons, Muons and Electron-Positron Pairs