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We report the discovery of hysteresis between the x-ray spectrum andluminosity of black-hole binary LMC X-3. Our observations, with theProportional Counter Array on the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, took placeentirely within the soft spectral state, dominated by a spectral component thatwas fitted well with a multicolor disk blackbody. A power-law component wasseen only during times when the luminosity of the disk blackbody was declining.The x-ray luminosity at these times was comparable to that seen in transientsystems (x-ray novae) when they return to the hard state at the end of anoutburst. Our observations may represent partial transitions to the hard state;complete transitions have been seen in this system by Wilms et al. (2001). Ifthey are related to the soft-to-hard transition in transients, then theydemonstrate that hysteresis effects can appear without a full state transition.We discuss these observations in the context of earlier observations ofhysteresis within the hard state of binaries 1E 1740.7-2942 and GRS 1758-258and in relation to published explanations of hysteresis in transients.

Hysteresis of spectral evolution in the soft state of black-hole binary LMC X-3