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Recent galaxy formation models successfully reproduce the local luminosityfunction (LF) of galaxies by invoking mechanisms to suppress star formation inlow- and high-mass galaxies. As these models are optimized to fit the LF at lowredshift, a crucial question is how well they predict the LF at earlier times.Here we compare recently measured rest-frame V-band LFs of galaxies atredshifts 2.0<z<3.3 to predictions of semianalytic models by De Lucia & Blaizotand Bower et al. and hydrodynamic simulations by Dave et al.. The modelssucceed for some luminosity and redshift ranges and fail for others. A notablesuccess is that the Bower et al. model provides a good match to the observed LFat z~3. However, all models predict an increase with time of the rest-frameV-band luminosity density, whereas the observations show a decrease. The modelsalso have difficulty matching the observed rest-frame colors of galaxies. Inall models the luminosity density of red galaxies increases sharply from z~3 toz~2.2, whereas it is approximately constant in the observations. Conversely, inthe models the luminosity density of blue galaxies is approximately constant,whereas it decreases in the observations. These discrepancies cannot beentirely remedied by changing the treatment of dust and suggest that currentmodels do not yet provide a complete description of galaxy formation andevolution since z~3.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Assessing the Predictive Power of Galaxy Formation Models: A Comparison  of Predicted and Observed Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Functions at  2.0<z<3.3