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In this paper we investigate the X-ray spectra and X-ray spectral variabilityof compact X-ray sources for 3 Chandra observations of the Local Group galaxyM33. The observations are centered on the nucleus and the star forming regionNGC 604. In the observations 261 sources have been detected. For a total of 43sources the number of net counts is above 100, sufficient for a more detailedspectral fitting. Of these sources, 25 have been observed in more than oneobservation, allowing the study of spectral variability on ~months timescales.A quarter of the sources are found to be variable between observations.However, except for two foreground sources, no source is variable within anyobservation above the 99% confidence level. Only six sources show significantspectral variability between observations. A comparison of N_H values with HIobservations shows that X-ray absorption values are consistent with GalacticX-ray binaries and most sources in M33 are intrinsically absorbed. The patternof variability and the spectral parameters of these sources are consistent withthe M33 X-ray source population being dominated by X-ray binaries: Two thirdsof the 43 bright sources have spectral and timing properties consistent withX-ray binaries; we also find two candidates for super-soft sources and twocandidates for quasi-soft sources.

The X-ray binary population in M33: II. X-ray spectra and variability