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The most massive elliptical galaxies show a prominent multi-modality in theirglobular cluster system color distributions. Understanding the mechanisms whichlead to multiple globular cluster sub-populations is essential for a completepicture of massive galaxy formation. By assuming that globular clusterformation traces the total star formation and taking into account the radialvariations in the composite stellar populations predicted by the Pipino &Matteucci (2004) multi-zone photo-chemical evolution code, we compute thedistribution of globular cluster properties as a function of galactocentricradius. We compare our results to the spectroscopic measurements of globularclusters in nearby early-type galaxies by Puzia et al. (2006) and show that theobserved multi-modality in globular cluster systems of massive ellipticals canbe, at least partly, ascribed to the radial variation in the mix of stellarpopulations. Our model predicts the presence of a super-metal-rich populationof globular clusters in the most massive elliptical galaxies, which is in verygood agreement with the spectroscopic observations. Furthermore, we investigatethe impact of other non-linear mechanisms that shape the metallicitydistribution of globular cluster systems, in particular the role ofmerger-induced globular cluster formation and a non-linear color-metallicitytransformation, and discuss their influence in the context of our model(abridged)

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

The Formation of Globular Cluster Systems in Massive Elliptical  Galaxies: Globular Cluster Multimodality from Radial Variation of Stellar  Populations