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We measure the cosmological matter density by observing the positions ofbaryon acoustic oscillations in the clustering of galaxies in the Sloan DigitalSky Survey (SDSS). We jointly analyse the main galaxies and LRGs in the SDSSDR5 sample, using over half a million galaxies in total. The oscillations aredetected with 99.74% confidence (3.0sigma assuming Gaussianity) compared to asmooth power spectrum. When combined with the observed scale of the peakswithin the CMB, we find a best-fit value of Omega_m=0.256+0.029-0.024 (68%confidence interval), for a flat Lambda cosmology when marginalising over theHubble parameter and the baryon density. This value of the matter density isderived from the locations of the baryon oscillations in the galaxy powerspectrum and in the CMB, and does not include any information from the overallshape of the power spectra. This is an extremely clean cosmological measurementas the physics of the baryon acoustic oscillation production is wellunderstood, and the positions of the oscillations are expected to beindependent of systematics such as galaxy bias.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, updated to match version accepted by Ap

Measuring the Matter Density Using Baryon Oscillations in the SDSS