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We report the discovery of PSR J1906+0746, a young 144-ms pulsar in a highlyrelativistic 3.98-hr orbit with an eccentricity of 0.085 and expectedgravitational wave coalescence time of 300 Myr. The new pulsar was found duringprecursor survey observations with the Arecibo 1.4-GHz feed array system andretrospectively detected in the Parkes Multibeam plane pulsar survey data. Fromradio follow-up observations with Arecibo, Jodrell Bank, Green Bank, andParkes, we have measured the spin-down and binary parameters of the pulsar andits basic spectral and polarization properties. We also present evidence forpulse profile evolution, which is likely due to geodetic precession, arelativistic effect caused by the misalignment of the pulsar spin and totalangular momentum vectors. Our measurements show that PSR J1906+0746 is a youngobject with a characteristic age of 112 kyr. From the measured rate of orbitalperiastron advance 7.57+/-0.03 deg/yr, we infer a total system mass of2.61+/-0.02 Msun. While these parameters suggest that the PSR J1906+0746 binarysystem might be a younger version of the double pulsar system, intensivesearches for radio pulses from the companion have so far been unsuccessful. Itis therefore not known whether the companion is another neutron star or amassive white dwarf. Regardless of the nature of the companion, a simplecalculation suggests that the Galactic birth rate of binaries similar to PSRJ1906+0746 is 60/Myr. This implies that PSR J1906+0746 will make a significantcontribution to the computed cosmic inspiral rate of compact binary systems.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Arecibo Pulsar Survey Using ALFA. II. The Young, Highly Relativistic Binary Pulsar J1906+0746