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We present measurements at optical wavelengths of the spectral reflectance,rotational light curve, and solar phase curve of 2003 EL61. With apparentvisual magnitude 17.5 at 51 AU from the sun, this newly discovered member ofthe classical Kuiper Belt is now the third brightest KBO after Pluto and 2005FY9. Our observations reveal an unambiguous, double-peaked rotational lightcurve with period 3.9154 +/- 0.0002 hours and peak to peak amplitude 0.28 +/-0.04 mag. This is the fastest rotation period reliably determined for any bodyin the solar system larger than 100 km. Assuming the body has relaxed over timeto the shape taken by a homogenous fluid body, our observations tightlyconstrain the shape and density. Given the mass we recently determined for 2003EL61 from the orbit of a small satellite, we also constrain the size andalbedo. We find a total length of 1960 to 2500 km, a mean density of 2600 to3340 kg m-3, and a visual albedo greater than 0.6. We also measure a neutralreflectance at visible wavelengths and a linear phase curve with slope varyingfrom 0.09 mag deg-1 in the B band to 0.13 mag deg-1 in the I band. The absoluteV-band magnitude is 0.444+/-0.021.Comment: 27 pages, six figure

Photometric Observations Constraining the Size, Shape, and Albedo of 2003 EL61, a Rapidly Rotating, Pluto‐sized Object in the Kuiper Belt