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We present a photometric and spectroscopic study of stellar populations inthe X-ray-luminous cluster of galaxies RXJ0142.0+2131 at z=0.280. This paperanalyses the results of high signal-to-noise spectroscopy, as well as g'-, r'-,and i'-band imaging, using the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on GeminiNorth. Of 43 spectroscopic targets, we find 30 cluster members over a range incolor. Central velocity dispersions and absorption-line strengths for lines inthe range 3700A < lambda_rest < 5800A are derived for cluster members, and arecompared with a low-redshift sample of cluster galaxies, and single stellarpopulation (SSP) models. We use a combination of these indicators to estimateluminosity-weighted mean ages, metallicities ([M/H]), and alpha-elementabundance ratios ([alpha/Fe]).  RXJ0142.0+2131 is a relatively poor cluster and lacks galaxies with highcentral velocity dispersions. Although the red sequence and the Faber-Jacksonrelation are consistent with pure passive evolution of the early-typepopulation with a formation redshift of z_form = 2, the strengths of the 4000Abreak and scaling relations between metal line indices and velocity dispersionreject this model with high significance. By inverting SSP models for theHbeta_G, Mgb, and <Fe> line indices, we calculate that, at a given velocitydispersion and metallicity, galaxies in RXJ0142.0+2131 have luminosity-weightedmean ages 0.14 +- 0.07 dex older than the low-redshift sample. We also findthat [alpha/Fe] in stellar populations in RXJ0142.0+2131 is 0.14 +- 0.03greater than at low redshift. All scaling relations are consistent with theseestimated offsets. (abridged)Comment: AJ, accepted. 31 pages, 13 figures, uses emulateapj.cls.  High-resolution figures available on request from first autho

RX J0142.0+2131. I. The Galaxy Content of an X-Ray-luminous Galaxy Cluster atz= 0.28