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We present the rest-frame colors and luminosities of ~25000 m_R<24 galaxiesin the redshift range 0.2<z<1.1, drawn from 0.78 square degrees of the COMBO-17survey. We find that the rest-frame color distribution of these galaxies isbimodal at all redshifts out to z~1. This bimodality permits amodel-independent definition of red, early-type galaxies and blue, late-typegalaxies at any given redshift. The colors of the blue peak become reddertowards the present day, and the number density of blue luminous galaxies hasdropped strongly since z~1. Focusing on the red galaxies, we find that theypopulate a color-magnitude relation. Such red sequences have been identified ingalaxy cluster environments, but our data show that such a sequence exists overthis redshift range even when averaging over all environments. The mean colorof the red galaxy sequence evolves with redshift in a way that is consistentwith the aging of an ancient stellar population. The rest-frame B-bandluminosity density in red galaxies evolves only mildly with redshift in aLambda-dominated cold dark matter universe. Accounting for the change instellar mass-to-light ratio implied by the redshift evolution in red galaxycolors, the COMBO-17 data indicate an increase in stellar mass on the redsequence by a factor of two since z~1. The largest source of uncertainty islarge-scale structure, implying that considerably larger surveys are necessaryto further refine this result. We explore mechanisms that may drive thisevolution in the red galaxy population, finding that both galaxy merging andtruncation of star formation in some fraction of the blue, star-formingpopulation are required to fully explain the properties of these galaxies.Comment: To appear in the Astrophysical Journal 20 June 2004. 16 pages, 6  embedded figures. Substantial revision of photometric redshifts and extensive  minor changes to the paper throughout: conclusions unchange

Nearly 5000 Distant Early‐Type Galaxies in COMBO‐17: A Red Sequence and Its Evolution sincez ∼ 1