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We describe two related experiments that measured the anisotropy in thecosmic microwave background (CMB). QMAP was a balloon-borne telescope that flewtwice in 1996, collecting data on degree angular scales with an array of sixhigh electron mobility transistor-based amplifiers (HEMTs). QMAP was the firstexperiment to use an interlocking scan strategy to directly produce highsignal-to-noise CMB maps. The QMAP gondola was then refit for ground based workas the MAT/TOCO experiment. Observations were made from 5200 m on Cerro Toco inNorthern Chile in 1997 and 1998 using time-domain beam synthesis. MAT/TOCO wasthe first experiment to see both the rise and fall of the CMB angular spectrum,thereby localizing the position of the first peak to l_{peak}=216 +/- 14. Inaddition to describing the instruments, we discuss the data selection methods,checks for systematic errors, and we compare the MAT/TOCO results to those fromrecent experiments. We also correct the data to account for an updatedcalibration and a small contribution from foreground emission. We find theamplitude of the first peak for l between 160 and 240 to be T_{peak}=80.9 +/-3.4 +/- 5.1 uK, where the first error is statistical and the second is fromcalibration.Comment: 31 pages, 11 figures, Submitted to Ap

The QMAP and MAT/TOCO Experiments for Measuring Anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background