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We show that if all gamma-ray bursts emit X-rays in a way similar to thoseobserved by BeppoSax, much of the extinction along the line of sight in thehost galaxy of the burst can be destroyed. Two mechanisms are principallyresponsible for dust destruction: grain heating and grain charging. The latter,which can lead to electrostatic stresses greater than the tensile strength ofthe grains, is often the more important. Grains may regularly be destroyed atdistances as large as 100 parsecs. This dust destruction can permit us to seethe UV/optical afterglow even when the burst is embedded deep within ahighly-obscured region. Because the destruction rate depends on graincomposition and size, it may be possible to observe the amount andwavelength-dependence of extinction change during the course of the burst andfirst few minutes of the afterglow. It may also be possible to detectinterstellar absorption lines in the afterglow spectrum that would not existbut for the return of heavy elements to the gas phase.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Uses AASTeX.  31 pages, including a six-panel figur

X‐Ray Destruction of Dust along the Line of Sight to γ‐Ray Bursts