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We discuss properties of the atmospheric water vapor above the high Andeanplateau region known as the Llano de Chajnantor, in the Atacama Desert ofnorthern Chile. A combination of radiometric and radiosonde measurementsindicate that the median column of precipitable water vapor (PWV) above theplateau at an elevation of 5000 m is approximately 1.2 mm. The exponentialscaleheight of the water vapor density in the median Chajnantor atmosphere is1.13 km; the median PWV is 0.5 mm above an elevation of 5750 m. Both of thesenumbers appear to be lower at night. Annual, diurnal and other dependences ofPWV and its scaleheight are discussed, as well as the occurrence of temperatureinversion layers below the elevation of peaks surrounding the plateau. Weestimate the background for infrared observations and sensitivities for broadband and high resolution spectroscopy. The results suggest that exceptionalatmospheric conditions are present in the region, yielding high infraredtransparency and high sensitivity for future ground-based infrared telescopes.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, to appear in the PASP (July 2001

The Optical/Infrared Astronomical Quality of High Atacama Sites. II. Infrared Characteristics