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We show that an analysis of multiwavelength observations of isolated neutronstars based on neutron star atmosphere models can be used not only to evaluatethe neutron star effective temperature, but also to determine chemicalcomposition of its surface. To demonstrate how this new method can be appliedto a specific object, we chose the old isolated neutron star candidateRXJ1856.5-3754, whose soft X-ray radiation has been studied recently by Walteret al. (1996). We fitted the soft X-ray spectrum of this object with neutronstar atmosphere models of different chemical compositions and used these fitsto calculate the source spectrum over a broad wavelength range. We showed, inparticular, that the optical/UV flux expected from this object dependsdrastically on the composition of its surface. In particular, the neutron starcovered with hydrogen would be 5-6 magnitudes brighter than the neutron starwith an iron surface. The object should also be observable with $EUVE$; the EUVflux is expected to be almost twice higher for the iron surface than for thehydrogen one. Thus, multiwavelength observations of this object would enableone to examine, for the first time, chemical composition of the neutron starsurface. The method proposed can be applied to other nearby isolated neutronstars.Comment: a few misprints corrected, aaspp4.sty, accepted for publication in  ApJ Letter

Multiwavelength Observations of Isolated Neutron Stars as a Tool to Probe the Properties of Their Surfaces