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Laboratory observations of the pure rotational spectrum of HCO^+ in its lowest excited bending state (v_1, v^l_2 v_3)_= (0,1^1,0) are reported. Because of their severe excitation requirements, such vibrational satellites and the high-J ground-state lines also measured here sample only hot, dense regions of matter in active molecular cloud cores and circumstellar envelopes. As the HCO^+ abundance is tied directly to the gas fractional ionization, it is probable that the vibrationally excited formyl ion transitions will provide high-contrast observations of shocked molecular material, rather than the more quiescent, radiatively heated gas surrounding stellar sources detected with the few vibrationally excited neutral species observed to date.

Laboratory measurement of the pure rotational spectrum of vibrationally excited HCO(+) (nu2 = 1) by far-infrared laser sideband spectroscopy