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Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies that result from quantumfluctuations during inflation are explored and the impact of their ``cosmicvariance'' on the ability to use existing data to probe inflationary models isstudied. We calculate the rms temperature fluctuation, and its cosmic variance,for a number of experiments and for models with primordial power spectra whichrange from $n={1\over 2}$ to $1$. We find: (1) cosmic variance obscures theinformation which can be extracted, so a comparison of the rms temperaturefluctuation on small scales with the COBE result can fix $n$ to only$\approx\pm 0.2$ at best; (2) measurements of the rms fluctuation on$1^{\circ}$ scales may not allow one to unambiguously infer the tensorcontribution to the COBE anisotropy; (3) comparison of this contribution withthe predictions of inflation are ambiguous if the quadrupole anisotropy aloneis utilized. We discuss means for minimizing the uncertainty due to cosmicvariance in comparisons between experiments.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, 6 figures (PostScript). CfPA-TH-93-01, YCTP-P44-92.  (Final version with updated references, to appear in ApJ, Dec.~1, 1993

Cosmic Variance in Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies: From 1 degrees to COBE